Everything about The 1666 Census Of New France totally explained
The
1666 census of New France was the first
census conducted in
Canada (and indeed in
North America). It was organized by
Jean Talon, the first
Intendant of New France, between
1665 and
1666.
Talon and the
French Minister of the Marine
Jean-Baptiste Colbert had recently (
1663) brought the colony of
New France under direct royal control, and Colbert wished to make it the centre of the
French colonial empire. To do this he needed to know the state of the population, so that the economic and industrial basis of the colony could be expanded.
Jean Talon conducted the census largely by himself, travelling door-to-door among the settlements of New France. He didn't include
Native American inhabitants of the colony, or the religious orders such as the
Jesuits or
Recollets.
According to Talon's census there were 3215 people in New France, and 538 separate families. There were 2034 men and 1181 women. Children and unmarried people were grouped together; there were 2154 of these, while only 1019 people were married (42 were widowed). 547 people lived in
Quebec, 455 in
Trois-Rivières, and 625 in
Montreal. The largest single age group, 21-30 year olds, numbered 842. 763 people were professionals of some kind, and 401 of these were servants, while 16 were listed as "gentlemen of means."
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